大规模电力系统紧急状态分散化控制方法

本文根据大规模互联电力系统的特点,提出了一种嵌套式分散化子系统电网重新安排的控制方法。它把整个系统的优化问题分解成有时序的N个子问题,并把互联系统的联络线功率作为一种协调量来逐次协调各子系统间的控制。当系统中发生大停电危机时,通过子系统的局部控制,能及时地消除系统中的不正常状态,而使得系统的经济损失为最小。 用此控制方法在计算机上对一个实际互联系统进行模拟计算,其结果表明,这是一种有效的控制方法。     

碱金属Cs复盖于过渡金属W的吸附系统功函数研究

本文借助于一种改进的薄膜LAPW(线性迭加平面法)的基函数描写方法以及薄膜jellium-slab模型计算了具有三层slab的C_s-W吸附系统的功函数,得到了一组与实验更为符合的结果,即清洁表面功函数是4.89eV(近期计算值是5.4eV),这与S.Ohnishi等计算的结果(三层4.82eV,五层4.62eV,七层4.64eV,九层4.58eV)一致,功函数约在θ_1≈0.21处取极小值,其值为1.35eV,较近期结果(约0.8eV)与实验值(1.77eV)更为接近。本文着重分析了φ-θ曲线的形成与5d电子态变化及电子转移之间的关系.     

W18Cr4V钢控制氮势气体软氮化及其应用

研究W18Cr4V钢在氨加甲醇裂化气气氛中进行的控制氮势软氮化问题。导出了气氛的氮势与氢分压的关系式,测定了该钢种在550℃氮化时的氮势门槛值,并得出了相应的曲线。试验结果表明,这种气氛的氮势可通过氢导仪有效地控制在0.2～0.4。提高氮势可促使白层形成,提高渗层硬度和耐磨性,但使其脆性增高。生产实践证明,低氮势控制氮化可显著提高高速钢刀具的使用寿命。     

用MOS C-V技术同时确定体产生寿命和表面产生速度

本文根据线性扫描电压作用下的深耗尽高频 MOS C-V 特性,采用修正的体产生区宽度,提出了一种快速确定体产生寿命和表面产生速度的新方法。     

表面改性对贮氢合金电极性能的影响

本文用化学处理和化学镀镍对金属氢化物的表面改性处理,初步讨论和分析了这些处理对金属氢化物电极的活化和容量等性能的影响。其结果表明:表面改性后的贮氢电极放电容量提高,放电特性增强。     

用子午投影法建立回转曲面轮廓线的方程式

强调了子午投影法的两个特点,即几何元素至回转轴和至水平投影面的距离都不改变。提出以这两个不变量建立直线的子午投影的方程式,也就是确定回转曲面轮廓线的方程式。以二维的平面曲线的方程式代替了三维空间曲面的方程式。文中通过方程式的推导,论证了上述观点,并以此为基础,进一步论述了各种特殊位置直线的子午投影的方程式,以及这些子午投影旋转后所形成的曲面。     

Statistical modeling of electrochemical removal of sodium in fermented food composts

Electrochemical removal of sodium ion from fermented food composts was analyzed and statistically modeled by response surface methodology (RSM). Empirical models were developed to describe relationships between the operating variables (operation time, current density and water contents) and three responses (removal efficiency, energy expenditure and energy efficiency). Statistical analysis indicated that operation time and current density have significant effect on all responses. Good agreement between predicted and measured values confirmed the usefulness of the model. The models were verified by additional experimental at optimum conditions.     

Topological design sensitivity on the air bearing surface of head slider

In this study, a topological design sensitivity of the air bearing surface (ABS) is suggested by using an adjoint variable method. The discrete form of the generalized lubrication equation based on a control volume formulation is used as a compatible condition. A residual function of the slider is considered as an equality constraint function, which represents the slider in equilibrium. The slider thickness parameters at all grid cells are chosen as design variables since they are the topological parameters determining the ABS shape. Then, a complicated adjoint variable equation is formulated to directly handle the highly nonlinear and asymmetric coefficient matrix and vector in the discrete system equation of air-lubricated slider bearings. An alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is utilized for the numerical calculation. This is an efficient iterative solver to solve large-scale problem in special band storage. Then, a computer program is developed and applied to a slider model of a sophisticated shape. The simulation results of design sensitivity analysis (DSA) are directly compared with those of FDM at the randomly selected grid cells to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The overall distribution of DSA results are reported, clearly showing the region on the ABS where special attention should be given during the manufacturing process.     

Electrostatic Spray Deposition of Perovskite-Type Oxides Thin Films with Porous Microstructure

The deposition of perovskite-type oxides thin films [La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ and La_1–xSr_xCo_1–yFe_yO₃ (0 x 0.4 and 0 y 1)] was investigated using the electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique. Lanthanum nitrate, strontium chloride and manganese nitrate, or cobalt nitrate and iron nitrate were dissolved into a mixture of 33 vol% ethanol and 67 vol% butyl carbitol, which was used as precursor solution. The effect of process parameters, such as deposition temperature, deposition time and concentration of precursor solution, on the surface morphology and microstructure of thin films were examined with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The deposited La_0.8Sr_0.2MnO₃ and La_1–xSr_xCo_1–yFe_yO₃ thin films were amorphous at the used deposition temperature (573K). Subsequently, the samples were heated at 1173 K for 2 h and were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD). As the result, the crystal structure of the samples transformed to the desired perovskite phase. The chemical analysis of the thin films was investigated using energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) analysis. The observed chemical compositions of the samples were in a fair agreement with the ones of the starting solutions.